FOR THE EXAM, DO NOT FORGET:

SCANTRON, I.D. & CALCULATOR

CELL PHONES, COMPUTERS & PAGERS ARE NOT ALLOWED. IF YOU HAVE ONE DURING THE EXAM, YOUR TEST WILL COUNT AS A ZERO.

IF YOU ARRIVE AFTER THE FIRST STUDENT HAS LEFT THE CLASS, YOU WILL HAVE TO TAKE A MAKE-UP EXAM (ESSAY FORM)

GOOD LUCK!

1) Which of the following is the enzyme that HIV uses to synthesize DNA from an RNA template?

A) Ligase

B) RNA polymerase

C) Terminator enzyme

D) Reverse transcriptase

E) None of the above

2) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use which of the following to turn certain genes on or off?

A) DNA ligase

B) RNA transcriptase

C) Intron segments

D) Regulatory proteins

E) Nucleosome packing

3) Transformation

A) is the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another

B) occurs when a bacterium acquires DNA from the surrounding medium

C) was first discovered by Hershey and Chase

D) occurs when a phage transfers DNA from one bacterium to another

E) requires an F-factor

4) The evolution of new species is called

A) microevolution

B) geographic isolation

C) reproductive isolation

D) speciation

E) macroevolution

5) Wheat and cotton arose as new species by

A) polyploidy

B) allopatric speciation

C) adaptive radiation

D) chance

E) all of the above

6) A mutation is

A) any change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA

B) any change in the amino acid sequence of a protein

C) any change in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA

D) any change in the ploidy of a cell

E) both a and c

7) When a female of one species refuses to mate with a male of a closely related species because she does not like the courtship rituals the male does, it is called

A) hybrid inviability

B) gametic isolation

C) temporal isolation

D) behavioral isolation

E) a difficult female

8) The occurrence of the sickle-cell anemia in sub-Saharian Africa, where malaria is endemic, is an example of

A) directional selection

B) genetic drift

C) stabilizing selection

D) mutation

E) migration

9) An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that

A) reverse transcriptase is more efficient than RNA polymerase

B) the resulting DNA strand will lack exons

C) reverse transcriptase is more efficient than DNA polymerase

D) the resulting DNA strand will lack introns

E) for bacteria, RNA is the genetic material

10) The continents and seafloors together form a thin outer layer of the Earth called the

A) mantle

B) crust

C) strata

D) biosphere

E) tectonic plate

11) Lamarck's theory of evolution is known as

A) inheritance of acquired characteristics

B) natural selection

C) inbreeding

D) populations produce more offspring than their environment can support

E) none of the above

12) In many bacteria, genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are carried on

A) F factors

B) R plasmids

C) dissimilation plasmids

D) transposons

E) exons

13) The great dane and chihuaha are both descendent from the wolf and can still interbreed. The existence of these two dogs is an example of

A) speciation

B) artificial selection

C) natural selection

D) genetic drift

E) inheritance of acquired characteristics

14) Which of the following prevents closely related species from interbreeding even when their ranges overlap?

A) genetic incompatibility

B) reproductive barriers

C) taboo

D) human intervention

E) none of the above

15) the homozygous dominant individuals in a population are represented by

A) q or p

B) p2

C) 2pq

D) q2

E) none of the above

16) Which of the following era is called the "Age of reptiles"?

A) late Precambrian

B) Permian

C) Paleozoic

D) Mesozoic

E) Cenozoic

17) The technique called radiometric dating is based on

A) the type of plant material that an animal consumed

B) the atomic isotopes contained in organisms and their rate of decay

C) the atomic isotopes of the rocks surrounding fossilized organisms

D) the quantity of radioactive isotopes in the atmosphere

E) both b and c

18) It is estimated that the modern continents were beginning to take shape how long ago?

A) 1.3 billion years ago

B) 1.3 million years ago

C) 500 million years ago

D) 65 million years ago

E) 65 billion years ago

19) _______ is a response to interactions between organisms and their current environment.

A) extinction

B) expansion of species

C) evolution

D) hybridization

E) all of the above

20) Which of the following is the process by which species not closely related may come to resemble one another if they live in a similar environment?

A) coevolution

B) convergent evolution

C) similar evolution

D) parallel evolution

E) neoteny

21) In my backyard, there are 350 red butterflies (XX), 500 pink butterflies (Xx) and 100 white butterflies (xx). What is the allele frequency in this population?

A) X=0.8, x= 0.2

B) X =1, x= 0.5

C) X= 0.63, x = 0.37

D) X= 0.71, x= 0.29

E) X= 0.5, x= 0.5

22) If in the next generation 340 babies are born, how many will be XX, how many will be Xx, and how many will be xx?

A) 136 XX, 156 Xx, 48 xx

B) 185 XX, 89 Xx, 66 xx

C) 200 XX, 100 Xx, 40 xx

D) 340 XX, 20 Xx, 12 xx

E) 58 XX, 231 Xx, 51 xx

23) RNA polymerase binds to which of the following?

A) the operon

B) the terminator

C) the promoter

D) the activator

E) DNA ligase

24) In prokaryotes, the regulatory protein binds to the

A) operon

B) promoter

C) operator

D) mRNA

E) tryptophane

25) How many kingdoms did Linnaeus propose?

A) 5

B) 3

C) 6

D) 2

E) none